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<h1>GTK+系统中的对话框（GTK+ dialogs）</h1>


<p>
在接下来的章节中我们将着重介绍GTK+系统中的对话框。 
</p>

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<p>
对话框窗口是众多GUI应用程序中不可或缺的部分。对话框经常是很多人进行信息交流的桥梁。在计算机中，对话框也经常扮演着我们和应用程序进行对话的工具。对话框可以用来输入数据，修改数据，或者改变应用程序的使用设置信息。对话框是一个人机交互的重要手段。 
</p>


<h2>消息对话框（Message dialogs）</h2>

<p>
消息对话框可以方便的在你的应用程序中，跳出来显示一些有用的信息。当然可以包含文字或者图象。
</p>

<pre class="code">
#include &lt;gtk/gtk.h&gt;

void show_info(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window)
{
  GtkWidget *dialog;
  dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window,
            GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
            GTK_MESSAGE_INFO,
            GTK_BUTTONS_OK,
            "Download Completed", "title");
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Information");
  gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
}

void show_error(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window)
{
  GtkWidget *dialog;
  dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window,
            GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
            GTK_MESSAGE_ERROR,
            GTK_BUTTONS_OK,
            "Error loading file");
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Error");
  gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
}

void show_question(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window)
{
  GtkWidget *dialog;
  dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window,
            GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
            GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION,
            GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO,
            "Are you sure to quit?");
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Question");
  gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
}

void show_warning(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window)
{
  GtkWidget *dialog;
  dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window,
            GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
            GTK_MESSAGE_WARNING,
            GTK_BUTTONS_OK,
            "Unallowed operation");
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Warning");
  gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
}

int main( int argc, char *argv[])
{

  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *table;

  GtkWidget *info;
  GtkWidget *warn;
  GtkWidget *que;
  GtkWidget *err;

  gtk_init(&amp;argc, &amp;argv);

  window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
  gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 220, 150);
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Message dialogs");

  table = gtk_table_new(2, 2, TRUE);
  gtk_table_set_row_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 2);
  gtk_table_set_col_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 2);

  info = gtk_button_new_with_label("Info");
  warn = gtk_button_new_with_label("Warning");
  que = gtk_button_new_with_label("Question");
  err = gtk_button_new_with_label("Error");

  gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), info, 0, 1, 0, 1, 
      GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3);
  gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), warn, 1, 2, 0, 1, 
      GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3);
  gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), que, 0, 1, 1, 2, 
      GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3);
  gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), err, 1, 2, 1, 2, 
      GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3);
  
  gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), table);
  gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 15);

  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(info), "clicked", 
        G_CALLBACK(show_info), (gpointer) window); 

  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(warn), "clicked", 
        G_CALLBACK(show_warning), (gpointer) window); 

  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(que), "clicked", 
        G_CALLBACK(show_question), (gpointer) window); 

  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(err), "clicked", 
        G_CALLBACK(show_error), (gpointer) window); 

  g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy",
        G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), G_OBJECT(window));

  gtk_widget_show_all(window);

  gtk_main();

  return 0;
}
</pre>

<p>
在上面的示例中，我们展示了四种消息对话框。Information, Warning, Question和 Error 消息对话框。
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 GtkWidget *dialog;
 dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(window,
           GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT,
           GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION,
           GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO,
           "Are you sure to quit?");
</pre>

<p>
在函数show_question() 中，我们安排跳出了一个对话框。至于消息对话框是用函数<b class="keyword">gtk_message_dialog_new()</b> 。 至于函数中的参数设置是在说明你想要显示那种样式的对话框。系统常量 <b class="keyword">GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION</b> 是在说明我们想要生成一个question对话框。系统常量<b class="keyword">GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO</b>将生成“yes“和”no “两个按钮。最后一个参数是我们想要在对话框中显示的文字。 

</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Warning");
 gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
 gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
</pre>

<p>
这里，我们为我们刚刚身成的消息对话框设置一个标题。最后运行这个对话框，接着设置了这个对话框必须手动关闭。 
</p>

<br>
<img src="../images/information.png" alt="Information message dialog">&nbsp;&nbsp;
<img src="../images/warning.png" alt="Warning message dialog">&nbsp;&nbsp;
<img src="../images/question.png" alt="Question message dialog">&nbsp;&nbsp;
<img src="../images/error.png" alt="Error message dialog">
<br>
<br>


<h2>GTK应用程序信息对话框（GtkAboutDialog）</h2>

<p>
GTK应用程序对话框的是用来显示应用程序中的有关提示信息的。GTK应用程序对话框可以显示应用程序的logo ，名称，版本，版权，网站或者认证之类的信息。当然也可以在其中，给程序的作者，文档整理者，翻译者带来名誉上的声望。 
</p>

<pre class="code">
#include &lt;gtk/gtk.h&gt;


void show_about(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data)
{

  GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("battery.png", NULL);

  GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_about_dialog_new();
  gtk_about_dialog_set_name(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery");
  gtk_about_dialog_set_version(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "0.9"); 
  gtk_about_dialog_set_copyright(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), 
      "(c) Jan Bodnar");
  gtk_about_dialog_set_comments(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), 
     "Battery is a simple tool for battery checking.");
  gtk_about_dialog_set_website(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), 
      "http://www.batteryhq.net");
  gtk_about_dialog_set_logo(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), pixbuf);
  g_object_unref(pixbuf), pixbuf = NULL;
  gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG (dialog));
  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);

}


int main( int argc, char *argv[])
{

  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *about;
  GdkPixbuf *battery;

  gtk_init(&amp;argc, &amp;argv);

  window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
  gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 220, 150);
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Battery");

  gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 15);
  gtk_widget_add_events(window, GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK);

  battery = gtk_image_get_pixbuf(GTK_IMAGE(
      gtk_image_new_from_file("battery.png")));

  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "button-press-event", 
        G_CALLBACK(show_about), (gpointer) window); 

  g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy",
        G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), G_OBJECT(window));

  gtk_widget_show_all(window);

  gtk_main();

  return 0;
}
</pre>

<p>
上面的代码中我们用了构件GtkAboutDialog 以及该构件的一些特性。我们单击应用程序客户端窗口，该GTK应用程序信息对话框就会跳出来。：—） 
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_about_dialog_new();
</pre>

<p>
我们要生成一个新的GtkAboutDialog构件。 
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 gtk_about_dialog_set_name(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery");
 gtk_about_dialog_set_version(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "0.9"); 
 gtk_about_dialog_set_copyright(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), 
      "(c) Jan Bodnar");
</pre>

<p>
这个函数是用来设置一个名字，版本以及版权的。 
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("battery.png", NULL);
 ...
 gtk_about_dialog_set_logo(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), pixbuf);
 g_object_unref(pixbuf), pixbuf = NULL;
</pre>

<p>
这段代码为我们的对话框设置了一个logo图标。 
</p>


<br>
<img src="../images/battery.png" alt="GtkAboutDialog">
<div class="figure">Figure: GtkAboutDialog</div>
<br>

<h2>GTK字体选择对话框（GtkFontSelectionDialog）</h2>

<p>
GTK字体选择对话框是用来让我们选择字体的。这在一些应用程序中很有代表性。尤其是一些文字处理或者文字排版的软件。
</p>

<pre class="code">
#include &lt;gtk/gtk.h&gt;


void select_font(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer label)
{

  GtkResponseType result;

  GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new("Select Font");
  result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));

  if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK || result == GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY)
  {

    PangoFontDescription *font_desc;
    gchar *fontname = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name(
                            GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog));

    font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string(fontname);

    gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), font_desc);

    g_free(fontname);
   }


  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
}


int main( int argc, char *argv[])
{

  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *label;
  GtkWidget *vbox;

  GtkWidget *toolbar;
  GtkToolItem *font;

  gtk_init(&amp;argc, &amp;argv);

  window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
  gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 280, 200);
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Font Selection Dialog");

  vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0);
  gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox);


  toolbar = gtk_toolbar_new();
  gtk_toolbar_set_style(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS);

  gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(toolbar), 2);

  font = gtk_tool_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_SELECT_FONT);
  gtk_toolbar_insert(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), font, -1);

  gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), toolbar, FALSE, FALSE, 5);

  label = gtk_label_new("ZetCode");
  gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label), GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER);
  gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), label, TRUE, FALSE, 5);


  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(font), "clicked", 
        G_CALLBACK(select_font), label);

  g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy",
        G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

  gtk_widget_show_all(window);

  gtk_main();

  return 0;
}
</pre>

<p>
在上面的代码示例中，我们在窗口的中央放置了一个简单标签；如果你点击工具栏按钮，那么字体选择对话框就会跳出来 .
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
  GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new("Select Font");
  result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
</pre>

<p>
我们生成了一个字体选择对话框构件即 <b class="keyword">GtkFontSelectionDialog。</b>
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK || result == GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY)
 {
   PangoFontDescription *font_desc;
   gchar *fontname = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name(
                            GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog));

   font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string(fontname);

   gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), font_desc);
   g_free(fontname);
  }
</pre>

<p>
如果用户点击“OK“按钮。我们就得到了字体的相关信息，并且把该设置信息作用于前面生成的标签。 
</p>

<br>
<img src="../images/fontselectiondialog.png" alt="GtkFontSelectionDialog">
<div class="figure">Figure: GtkFontSelectionDialog </div>
<br>

<h2>GTK色彩选择对话框（GtkColorSelectionDialog）</h2>

<p>
顾名思义GTK色彩选择对话框就是一个用于颜色选择的对话框。 
</p>

<pre class="code">
#include &lt;gtk/gtk.h&gt;


void select_font(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer label)
{

  GtkResponseType result;
  GtkColorSelection *colorsel;

  GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_color_selection_dialog_new("Font Color");
  result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));

  if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK)
  {

    GdkColor color;

    colorsel = GTK_COLOR_SELECTION(
                   GTK_COLOR_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)->colorsel);
    gtk_color_selection_get_current_color(colorsel,
                   &amp;color);

    gtk_widget_modify_fg(GTK_WIDGET(label),
                   GTK_STATE_NORMAL,
                   &amp;color);
  } 

  gtk_widget_destroy(dialog);
}


int main( int argc, char *argv[])
{

  GtkWidget *window;
  GtkWidget *widget;
  GtkWidget *label;
  GtkWidget *vbox;

  GtkWidget *toolbar;
  GtkToolItem *font;


  gtk_init(&amp;argc, &amp;argv);

  window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
  gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 280, 200);
  gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Color Selection Dialog");

  vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0);
  gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox);


  toolbar = gtk_toolbar_new();
  gtk_toolbar_set_style(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS);

  gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(toolbar), 2);

  font = gtk_tool_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_SELECT_COLOR);
  gtk_toolbar_insert(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), font, -1);

  gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), toolbar, FALSE, FALSE, 5);

  label = gtk_label_new("ZetCode");
  gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label), GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER);
  gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), label, TRUE, FALSE, 5);


  g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(font), "clicked", 
        G_CALLBACK(select_font), label);

  g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy",
        G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

  gtk_widget_show_all(window);

  gtk_main();

  return 0;
}
</pre>

<p>
这个示例与前面的字体选择对话框非常的类似。不过这里我们要完成的任务是改变标签文字的颜色。 
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_color_selection_dialog_new("Font Color");
 result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog));
</pre>

<p>
当然首先是生成一个 <b class="keyword">GtkColorSelectionDialog</b>构件。
</p>

<pre class="explanation">
 if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK)
 {
   GdkColor color;

   colorsel = GTK_COLOR_SELECTION(
                  GTK_COLOR_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)->colorsel);
   gtk_color_selection_get_current_color(colorsel,
                  &amp;color);

   gtk_widget_modify_fg(GTK_WIDGET(label),
                  GTK_STATE_NORMAL,
                  &amp;color);
 } 
</pre>

<p>
当我们点击OK后，我们就得到了相关的颜色设置信息，并我们把这个设置用于改变标签文字的颜色。 
</p>

<br>
<img src="../images/colorselectiondialog.png" alt="GtkColorSelectionDialog">
<div class="figure">Figure: GtkColorSelectionDialog </div>
<br>

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<a href="/">ZetCode</a> last modified March 17, 2008  <span class="copyright">&copy; 2007 - 2012 Jan Bodnar</span>
<span class="copyright">Translation &copy; 2008 chinalmy</span>
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